Ezweni lanamuhla elisheshayo, izikhwama zepulasitiki seziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ekuthengeni igrosa kuya ekupakisheni izimpahla, lezi zikhwama ezinhlobonhlobo zinezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa. Nokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela imishini ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi imishini yokwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi le mishini isebenza kanjani futhi sibheke ngokucophelela izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zepulasitiki.
Imishini yokwenza izikhwama zepulasitikizenzelwe ukwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki ngendlela efanele nangemiqulu ephezulu. Le mishini ingakhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhwama, okuhlanganisa izikhwama eziyisicaba, izikhwama zegusset, izikhwama zamavesti, njll. Inqubo ngokuvamile ihilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
1. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo: Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko zezikhwama zepulasitiki i-polyethylene, enokuminyana okuhlukile, njenge-low-density polyethylene (LDPE) kanye ne-high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Umshini wokwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki kuqala uphakela ama-pellets e-plastic resin ku-extruder.
2. I-Extrusion: I-extruder incibilikisa ama-pellets epulasitiki futhi yakhe ishubhu eqhubekayo yepulasitiki encibilikisiwe. Le nqubo ibalulekile njengoba inquma ukujiya kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina.
3. I-Blow Molding and Cooling: Endabeni ye-extrusion yefilimu ephephukayo, umoya uvuthela eshubhuni elincibilikisiwe ukuze linwetshwe ukuze lenze ifilimu. Ifilimu ibe isipholile futhi iqiniswe njengoba idlula ochungechungeni lwamarola.
4. Ukusika Nokuvalwa: Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwefilimu, iyasikwa ibe ubude obudingekayo futhi ivalwe ngezansi ukuze yakhe isikhwama. Inqubo yokufaka uphawu ingase ihlanganise ukuvala ukushisa noma ukufakwa uphawu nge-ultrasonic, kuye ngokuthi umshini uklanywe kanjani kanye nohlobo lwesikhwama esikhiqizwayo.
5.Ukuphrinta Nokuqeda: Imishini eminingi yokwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki ifakwe amakhono okuphrinta avumela abakhiqizi ukuthi baphrinte amalogo, imiklamo, noma imilayezo ngqo ezikhwameni. Ngemva kokunyathelisa, izikhwama zihlolwa izinga ngaphambi kokuba zipakishwe ukuze zisakazwe.
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Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zepulasitiki yi-polyethylene ne-polypropylene. Impahla ngayinye inezici zayo eziyingqayizivele, okwenza ifaneleke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene.
1. I-polyethylene (PE):Lena into esetshenziswa kakhulu izikhwama zepulasitiki. Iza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE): I-LDPE yaziwa ngokuguquguquka nokuthamba kwayo. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama zegrosa, izikhwama zesinkwa, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasindi. Izikhwama ze-LDPE azihlali isikhathi eside njengezikhwama ze-HDPE, kodwa zimelana kakhulu nomswakama.
- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE): I-HDPE inamandla futhi ilukhuni kune-LDPE. Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza izikhwama eziwugqinsi, njengalezo ezisetshenziswa ezitolo ezidayisayo. Izikhwama ze-HDPE zaziwa ngokungezwani nokukhala kwazo futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthwala izinto ezisindayo.
2. I-Polypropylene (PP):I-Polypropylene enye impahla ethandwayo yezikhwama zepulasitiki, ikakhulukazi izikhwama zokuthenga ezisebenziseka kabusha. Ihlala isikhathi eside kune-polyethylene, inephuzu eliphakeme lokuncibilika, futhi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga amandla nokumelana nokushisa. Izikhwama ze-PP zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupakisha ukudla njengoba zinikeza umgoqo omuhle ngokumelene nomswakama kanye namakhemikhali.
3. Amapulasitiki angaboli:Ngokukhathazeka kwabantu okwandayo mayelana nezindaba zemvelo, amapulasitiki angaboli athandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Lezi zinto zidilika ngokushesha kunepulasitiki yendabuko, zinciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Nakuba izikhwama ezibolayo ngezinto eziphilayo zisavamile kancane kunezikhwama ze-polyethylene ne-polypropylene, ziya ngokuya zitholwa abathengi namabhizinisi aqaphela imvelo.
Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki kubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo. Izikhwama zepulasitiki zibangela ukungcola futhi kungathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amaningi namadolobhakazi asebenzise ukuvinjelwa noma imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa kanye, ekhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha.
Abakhiqizi bemishini yokwenza izikhwama zepulasitikinazo zivumelana nalezi zinguquko, zakha imishini engakhiqiza izikhwama ezingabolikala noma izikhwama ezenziwe ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha. Lokhu kushintsha akusizi nje ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wezikhwama zepulasitiki, kodwa futhi kuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sezixazululo ezisimeme zokupakisha.
Imishini yokwenza izikhwama zepulasitiki idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda izinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izikhwama zepulasitiki, njenge-polyethylene ne-polypropylene, kubalulekile kubo bobabili abakhiqizi nabathengi. Njengoba imboni ikhula, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela wemvelo wokusetshenziswa kwezikhwama zepulasitiki futhi uhlole ezinye izindlela ezisimeme. Ngokwamukela ukuqanjwa kabusha kanye nemikhuba enesibopho, singasebenzela ikusasa laphoizikhwama zepulasitikiakhiqizwa futhi asetshenziswe ngendlela enciphisa umthelela wazo emhlabeni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-04-2024