Uyini umshini osetshenziswa ku-extrusion

I-Extrusion iyinqubo yokukhiqiza ebandakanya ukudlulisa impahla ngedayidi ukuze kwakhiwe into enephrofayili enqunyiwe yezingxenye ezihlukene. Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi okubalwa kuzo ipulasitiki, insimbi, ukudla nemithi. Imishini esetshenziswa enqubweni ye-extrusion yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyingqayizivele zezinto ezikhishwayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunemba. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini esetshenziselwa inqubo yokukhipha, izingxenye zayo, nendlela esebenza ngayo.

1. I-Single Screw Extruder

I-screw extruder eyodwa iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-extruder. Iqukethe isikulufu se-helical esizungeza emgqonyeni oyicylindrical. Impahla ifakwa ku-hopper lapho ishiselwa khona futhi incibilike njengoba ihamba ngesikulufu. Idizayini yesikulufu ivumela okokusebenza ukuthi kuxutshwe, kuncibilikiswe futhi kuphonswe ekhanda lokufa. Ama-extruder angama-screw single ahlukahlukene kakhulu futhi angasetshenziselwa uhla olubanzi lwezinto, kufaka phakathi ama-thermoplastics namanye ama-thermosets.

2. I-Twin Screw Extruder

Ama-twin-screw extruder anezikulufu ezimbili ezihlanganayo ezizungeza ngendlela efanayo noma ephambene. Lo mklamo uvumela ukuxubana okungcono nokuxubana futhi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinga eliphezulu le-homogeneity. Ama-twin-screw extruder avame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukudla, imithi kanye nezinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-polymer. Ama-extruder angama-twin-screw angaphinda acubungule uhla olubanzi lwezinto ezibonakalayo, okuhlanganisa izinto ezizwela ukushisa.

3. I-Plunger Extruder

Ama-plunger extruder, awaziwa nangokuthi ama-piston extruder, asebenzisa i-plunger ephindaphindayo ukusunduza okubalulekile ngedayizi. Lolu hlobo lwe-extruder luvamise ukusetshenziselwa izinto okunzima ukuzicubungula ngezikrufu ezifakwa ngesikulufu, njengezinsimbi ezithile zobumba nezinsimbi. Ama-plunger extruder angafinyelela ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu ngakho-ke alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuminyana okuphezulu namandla aphumayo.

4. Ama-extruders eshidi

Ama-extruder amashidi ayimishini ekhethekile yokukhiqiza amashidi ayisicaba. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa inhlanganisela yesikulufa esisodwa noma esikabili kanye ne-die ukuze bakhiphe okokusebenza kube ishidi. Ishidi elikhishiwe lingapholiswa futhi lisikwe ngosayizi ofanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukupakisha, ukwakhiwa kanye nezingxenye zezimoto.

5.i-extruder yefilimu eshaywayo

I-Blown film extruder iyinqubo ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukwenza amafilimu epulasitiki. Kule nqubo, ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe ikhishwa ngefa eliyindilinga bese inwetshwa ukuze yenze amabhamuza. Amabhamuza ayapholisa bese ayashwabana enze ifilimu eyisicaba. Ama-extruder amafilimu ashaywayo asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokupakisha ukukhiqiza izikhwama, iphepha lokugoqa nezinye izinto zokupakisha eziguquguqukayo.

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I-extruder iqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa ezisebenza ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucutshungulwa okuphumelelayo kwezinto:

I-Hopper: I-hopper yilapho impahla eluhlaza ilayishwa emshinini. Yenzelwe ukuphakela impahla eluhlaza ngokuqhubekayo ku-extruder.

Isikulufu: Isikulufu yinhliziyo ye-extruder. Inesibopho sokudlulisa, ukuncibilika kanye nokuxuba impahla eluhlaza njengoba idlula emgqonyeni.

Umgqomo: Umphongolo yigobolondo eliyicylindrical eliqukethe isikulufu. Umphongolo uqukethe izinto zokushisisa zokuncibilikisa okokusebenza futhi ungaqukatha izindawo zokupholisa zokulawula izinga lokushisa.

I-Die: Idayizi ingxenye ebumba into ekhushuliwe ibe yisimo esifiswayo. I-Dies ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze idale izimo ezihlukahlukene zezinto ezifana nepayipi, ishidi noma ifilimu.

Isistimu Yokupholisa: Ngemva kokuba impahla ishiya idayizi, ngokuvamile idinga ukupholiswa ukuze igcine isimo sayo. Amasistimu okupholisa angabandakanya okugeza amanzi, ukupholisa umoya, noma amaroli okupholisa, kuye ngohlelo lokusebenza.

Cutting Systems: Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, impahla extruded kungase kudingeke ukuba asikwe ubude obuthile. Amasistimu wokusika angahlanganiswa emgqeni we-extrusion ukuze enze le nqubo ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Inqubo ye-extrusion iqala ngokulayisha impahla eluhlaza ku-hopper. Impahla eluhlaza ibe isifakwa emgqonyeni lapho ishiswa khona futhi incibilike njengoba ihamba ngesikulufu. Isikulufu sidizayinelwe ukuhlanganisa kahle impahla eluhlaza bese siyimpompa kudiyizi. Uma impahla ifinyelela kufa, iphoqeleka ngembobo ukuze yakhe isimo esidingekayo.

Ngemva kokuba i-extrudate ishiya idayizi, iyaphola futhi iqine. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-extruder nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, ezinye izinyathelo zingadinga ukwenziwa, njengokusika, ukusonga noma ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe.

I-Extrusion iyinqubo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza encike emishinini ekhethekile ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyahlukene. Kusukela kuma-extruder anesikulufu esisodwa kanye nama-twin-screw extruder kuya kuma-plunger extruder kanye nemishini yefilimu ephephethiwe, uhlobo ngalunye lwe-extruder lunenjongo ehlukile embonini. Ukuqonda izingxenye nemisebenzi yale mishini kubalulekile ekwandiseni inqubo ye-extrusion kanye nokuzuza imiphumela yekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, imboni ye-extrusion kungenzeka ibone okunye okusha okuzokhuphula ukusebenza kahle futhi kwandise amathuba okucubungula impahla.